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2015 ; 2015
(ä): 571893
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Making Blood: The Haematopoietic Niche throughout Ontogeny
#MMPMID26113865
Al-Drees MA
; Yeo JH
; Boumelhem BB
; Antas VI
; Brigden KW
; Colonne CK
; Fraser ST
Stem Cells Int
2015[]; 2015
(ä): 571893
PMID26113865
show ga
Approximately one-quarter of all cells in the adult human body are blood cells.
The haematopoietic system is therefore massive in scale and requires exquisite
regulation to be maintained under homeostatic conditions. It must also be able to
respond when needed, such as during infection or following blood loss, to produce
more blood cells. Supporting cells serve to maintain haematopoietic stem and
progenitor cells during homeostatic and pathological conditions. This coalition
of supportive cell types, organised in specific tissues, is termed the
haematopoietic niche. Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells are generated in a
number of distinct locations during mammalian embryogenesis. These stem and
progenitor cells migrate to a variety of anatomical locations through the
conceptus until finally homing to the bone marrow shortly before birth. Under
stress, extramedullary haematopoiesis can take place in regions that are
typically lacking in blood-producing activity. Our aim in this review is to
examine blood production throughout the embryo and adult, under normal and
pathological conditions, to identify commonalities and distinctions between each
niche. A clearer understanding of the mechanism underlying each haematopoietic
niche can be applied to improving ex vivo cultures of haematopoietic stem cells
and potentially lead to new directions for transplantation medicine.