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2018 ; 38
(ä): 5
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Maintenance of intestinal homeostasis by mucosal barriers
#MMPMID29619131
Okumura R
; Takeda K
Inflamm Regen
2018[]; 38
(ä): 5
PMID29619131
show ga
BACKGROUND: The intestine is inhabited by a tremendous number of microorganisms,
which provide many benefits to nutrition, metabolism and immunity. Mucosal
barriers by intestinal epithelial cells make it possible to maintain the
symbiotic relationship between the gut microbiota and the host by separating
them. Recent evidence indicates that mucosal barrier dysfunction contributes to
the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this review, we focus on
the mechanisms by which mucosal barriers maintain gut homeostasis. MAIN TEXT: Gut
mucosal barriers are classified into chemical and physical barriers. Chemical
barriers, including antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), are chemical agents that
attack invading microorganisms, and physical barriers, including the mucus layer
and the cell junction, are walls that physically repel invading microorganisms.
These barriers, which are ingeniously modulated by gut microbiota and host immune
cells, spatially segregate gut microbiota and the host immunity to avoid
unnecessary immune responses to gut commensal microbes. Therefore, mucosal
barrier dysfunction allows gut bacteria to invade gut mucosa, inducing excessive
immune responses of the host immune cells, which result in intestinal
inflammation. CONCLUSION: Gut mucosal barriers constructed by intestinal
epithelial cells maintain gut homeostasis by segregating gut microbiota and host
immune cells. Impaired mucosal barrier function contributes to the development of
IBD. However, the mechanism by which the mucosal barrier is regulated by gut
microbiota remains unclear. Thus, it should be further elucidated in the future
to develop a novel therapeutic approach to IBD by targeting the mucosal barrier.