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2017 ; 8
(3
): 240-243
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Maintaining Patency of Vascular Access for Haemodialysis
#MMPMID28721509
Inston N
; Al Shakarchi J
; Khawaja A
; Jones R
Cardiovasc Eng Technol
2017[Sep]; 8
(3
): 240-243
PMID28721509
show ga
All types of vascular access, a necessity for haemodialysis, are prone to
thrombosis and if untreated this results in failure. Thrombosis results from the
combination of impaired blood flow, endothelial and vessel wall injury and a
propensity towards pro-coagulative states, either intrinsic or aggravated by
dialysis or dehydration. The treatment of access thrombosis relies on removal of
the clot (thrombectomy) and treatment of the underlying problem. In most cases
this is stenosis secondary to neointimal hyperplasia which can occur early
(failure to mature) or later. Pharmacological approaches have largely been shown
to be ineffective at prevention of thrombosis. The mainstay of preventing access
failure may be in surveillance and detecting stenosis prior to occlusion although
the optimal protocol to achieve this remains undefined. Management of thrombosed
access is via either surgical and radiological approaches. Multiple techniques
and devices are available for thrombectomy and the choice is usually based on
local expertise and availability rather than evidence as few trials have been
performed to allow robust comparisons. This paper outlines the basis of access
thrombosis and discusses the currently available techniques for treatment.