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2018 ; 11
(ä): 25-34
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Magnesium deficiency and increased inflammation: current perspectives
#MMPMID29403302
Nielsen FH
J Inflamm Res
2018[]; 11
(ä): 25-34
PMID29403302
show ga
Animal studies have shown that magnesium deficiency induces an inflammatory
response that results in leukocyte and macrophage activation, release of
inflammatory cytokines and acute-phase proteins, and excessive production of free
radicals. Animal and in vitro studies indicate that the primary mechanism through
which magnesium deficiency has this effect is through increasing cellular Ca(2+),
which is the signal that results in the priming of cells to give the inflammatory
response. Primary pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-? and
interleukin (IL)-1; the messenger cytokine IL-6; cytokine responders E-selectin,
intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; and
acute-phase reactants C-reactive protein and fibrinogen have been determined to
associate magnesium deficiency with chronic low-grade inflammation (inflammatory
stress). When magnesium dietary intake, supplementation, and/or serum
concentration suggest/s the presence of magnesium deficiency, it often is
associated with low-grade inflammation and/or with pathological conditions for
which inflammatory stress is considered a risk factor. When magnesium intake,
supplementation, and/or serum concentration suggest/s an adequate status,
magnesium generally has not been found to significantly affect markers of chronic
low-grade inflammation or chronic disease. The consistency of these findings can
be modified by other nutritional and metabolic factors that affect inflammatory
and oxidative stress. In spite of this, findings to date provide convincing
evidence that magnesium deficiency is a significant contributor to chronic
low-grade inflammation that is a risk factor for a variety of pathological
conditions such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and diabetes. Because
magnesium deficiency commonly occurs in countries where foods rich in magnesium
are not consumed in recommended amounts, magnesium should be considered an
element of significant nutritional concern for health and well-being in these
countries.