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2018 ; 9
(2
): ä Nephropedia Template TP
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Long Non-Coding RNAs in Multiple Myeloma
#MMPMID29389884
Nobili L
; Ronchetti D
; Agnelli L
; Taiana E
; Vinci C
; Neri A
Genes (Basel)
2018[Feb]; 9
(2
): ä PMID29389884
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Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable disease caused by the malignant
proliferation of bone marrow plasma cells, whose pathogenesis remains largely
unknown. Although a large fraction of the genome is actively transcribed, most of
the transcripts do not serve as templates for proteins and are referred to as
non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), broadly divided into short and long transcripts on the
basis of a 200-nucleotide threshold. Short ncRNAs, especially microRNAs, have
crucial roles in virtually all types of cancer, including MM, and have gained
importance in cancer diagnosis and prognosis, predicting the response to therapy
and, notably, as innovative therapeutic targets. Long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) are a very
heterogeneous group, involved in many physiological cellular and genomic
processes as well as in carcinogenesis, cancer metastasis, and invasion. LncRNAs
are aberrantly expressed in various types of cancers, including hematological
malignancies, showing either oncogenic or tumor suppressive functions. However,
the mechanisms of the related disease-causing events are not yet revealed in most
cases. Besides emerging as key players in cancer initiation and progression,
lncRNAs own many interesting features as biomarkers with diagnostic and
prognostic importance and, possibly, for their utility in therapeutic terms as
druggable molecules. This review focuses on the role of lncRNAs in the
pathogenesis of MM and summarizes the recent literature.
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