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2015 ; 117
(ä): 3-14
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LncRNAs in vertebrates: advances and challenges
#MMPMID25812751
Mallory AC
; Shkumatava A
Biochimie
2015[Oct]; 117
(ä): 3-14
PMID25812751
show ga
Beyond the handful of classic and well-characterized long noncoding RNAs
(lncRNAs), more recently, hundreds of thousands of lncRNAs have been identified
in multiple species including bacteria, plants and vertebrates, and the number of
newly annotated lncRNAs continues to increase as more transcriptomes are
analyzed. In vertebrates, the expression of many lncRNAs is highly regulated,
displaying discrete temporal and spatial expression patterns, suggesting roles in
a wide range of developmental processes and setting them apart from classic
housekeeping ncRNAs. In addition, the deregulation of a subset of these lncRNAs
has been linked to the development of several diseases, including cancers, as
well as developmental anomalies. However, the majority of vertebrate lncRNA
functions remain enigmatic. As such, a major task at hand is to decipher the
biological roles of lncRNAs and uncover the regulatory networks upon which they
impinge. This review focuses on our emerging understanding of lncRNAs in
vertebrate animals, highlighting some recent advances in their functional
analyses across several species and emphasizing the current challenges
researchers face to characterize lncRNAs and identify their in vivo functions.
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