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Lipid Droplet Biogenesis and Function in the Endothelium
#MMPMID28119423
Kuo A
; Lee MY
; Sessa WC
Circ Res
2017[Apr]; 120
(8
): 1289-1297
PMID28119423
show ga
RATIONALE: Fatty acids (FA) are transported across the capillary endothelium to
parenchymal tissues. However, it is not known how endothelial cells (EC) from
large vessels process a postprandial surge of FA. OBJECTIVE: This study was
designed to characterize lipid droplet (LD) formation in EC by manipulating
pathways leading to the formation and degradation of LD. In addition, several
functions of LD-derived FA were assessed. METHODS AND RESULTS: LD were present in
EC lining the aorta after the peak in plasma triglycerides initiated by a gavage
of olive oil in mice, in vivo. Similarly, in isolated aorta, oleic acid treatment
generates LD in EC ex vivo. Cultured EC readily form LD largely via the enzyme
DGAT (diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1) and degrade LD via ATGL (adipocyte
triglyceride lipase) after FA loading. Functionally, LD-derived FA are
dynamically regulated and function to protect EC from lipotoxic stress and
provide FA for metabolic needs. CONCLUSIONS: Our results delineate endothelial LD
dynamics for the first time in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, LD formation protects
EC from lipotoxic stress, regulates EC glycolysis, and provides a source of FA
for adjacent cells in the vessel wall or tissues.
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