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2015 ; 75
(17
): 3436-41
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Ligand-Independent EGFR Signaling
#MMPMID26282175
Guo G
; Gong K
; Wohlfeld B
; Hatanpaa KJ
; Zhao D
; Habib AA
Cancer Res
2015[Sep]; 75
(17
): 3436-41
PMID26282175
show ga
Constitutive activation of the EGFR is common in cancer due to EGFR wild-type
(EGFRwt) overexpression or the presence of mutant EGFR. Signaling by
constitutively active NSCLC EGFR mutants or the EGFRvIII mutant in glioblastoma
has been studied intensively and the downstream signals are known. Normally, the
EGFRwt is activated when it is exposed to ligand, resulting in activation of
canonical signals such as ERK and Akt. The EGFRwt also becomes tyrosine
phosphorylated and constitutively activated without ligand when it is
overexpressed, but downstream signals are unclear. Recent studies have identified
a noncanonical form of signaling triggered by EGFRwt exclusively in the absence
of ligand that does not involve ERK or Akt activation but, instead, results in
activation of the transcription factor IRF3. The addition of ligand turns off
IRF3-dependent transcription and activates ERK and Akt. Thus, the EGFR triggers
distinct and mutually exclusive signaling networks, depending on the presence of
ligand. Furthermore, noncanonical EGFRwt signaling may influence response to
treatment in cancer. Also, there are reports of both synergistic and antagonistic
interactions between ligand-dependent EGFRwt and EGFRvIII signaling. Here, we
discuss ligand-independent EGFR signal transduction by oncogenic EGFR mutants and
EGFRwt, and review the interplay between EGFRwt and EGFRvIII.