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2016 ; 113
(19
): 337-43
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Lichen Sclerosus-Presentation, Diagnosis and Management
#MMPMID27232363
Kirtschig G
Dtsch Arztebl Int
2016[May]; 113
(19
): 337-43
PMID27232363
show ga
BACKGROUND: Lichen sclerosus is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. It is
thought to be underdiagnosed and undertreated. If it is not treated, lichen
sclerosus is associated with a greater degree of scarring and an elevated risk of
cancer in the genital area. METHODS: This review is based on pertinent articles
published up to October 2015 that were retrieved by a selective search in PubMed,
Embase, and the Cochrane Library and on the European S3 guideline for lichen
sclerosus. RESULTS: Lichen sclerosus is mainly found in the anogenital area but
can also be generalized. Extragenital involvement is reportedly present in 6% to
20% of patients. Neighboring mucous membranes, such as the vaginal or oral
mucosa, are not typically affected. The disease is more common in women than in
men, and occurs more often in adults than in children. About 10% of patients have
other family members with the same condition. Anogenital lichen sclerosus often
causes itching and pain. Functional impairment due to fissures and scars can
arise over the course of the condition. The treatment of first choice is the
local application of high-potency corticosteroids as early as possible (1/A). For
boys and men in whom the condition does not remit after steroid treatment,
circumcision is indicated (3/D). CONCLUSION: Anogenital itching and clinical
features such as erythema, white skin changes (such as hyperkeratosis and
sclerosis), and fissures should arouse suspicion of lichen sclerosus. The
diagnosis should be confirmed with a skin biopsy, and early, thorough treatment
should be initiated. In this way, a mutilating disease course can be averted, and
the risk of cancer can be lessened.
|Adrenal Cortex Hormones/*therapeutic use
[MESH]
|Combined Modality Therapy/methods
[MESH]
|Diagnosis, Differential
[MESH]
|Evidence-Based Medicine
[MESH]
|Female
[MESH]
|Humans
[MESH]
|Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus/complications/*diagnosis/*therapy
[MESH]