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2015 ; 79
(2
): 171-91
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Lantibiotic resistance
#MMPMID25787977
Draper LA
; Cotter PD
; Hill C
; Ross RP
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev
2015[Jun]; 79
(2
): 171-91
PMID25787977
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The dramatic rise in the incidence of antibiotic resistance demands that new
therapeutic options will have to be developed. One potentially interesting class
of antimicrobials are the modified bacteriocins termed lantibiotics, which are
bacterially produced, posttranslationally modified,
lanthionine/methyllanthionine-containing peptides. It is interesting that low
levels of resistance have been reported for lantibiotics compared with commercial
antibiotics. Given that there are very few examples of naturally occurring
lantibiotic resistance, attempts have been made to deliberately induce resistance
phenotypes in order to investigate this phenomenon. Mechanisms that hinder the
action of lantibiotics are often innate systems that react to the presence of any
cationic peptides/proteins or ones which result from cell well damage, rather
than being lantibiotic specific. Such resistance mechanisms often arise due to
altered gene regulation following detection of antimicrobials/cell wall damage by
sensory proteins at the membrane. This facilitates alterations to the cell wall
or changes in the composition of the membrane. Other general forms of resistance
include the formation of spores or biofilms, which are a common mechanistic
response to many classes of antimicrobials. In rare cases, bacteria have been
shown to possess specific antilantibiotic mechanisms. These are often species
specific and include the nisin lytic protein nisinase and the phenomenon of
immune mimicry.
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