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2016 ; 18
(11
): 35
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Laboratory Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Infection
#MMPMID27686677
He T
; Kaplan S
; Kamboj M
; Tang YW
Curr Infect Dis Rep
2016[Nov]; 18
(11
): 35
PMID27686677
show ga
Central nervous system (CNS) infections are potentially life threatening if not
diagnosed and treated early. The initial clinical presentations of many CNS
infections are non-specific, making a definitive etiologic diagnosis challenging.
Nucleic acid in vitro amplification-based molecular methods are increasingly
being applied for routine microbial detection. These methods are a vast
improvement over conventional techniques with the advantage of rapid turnaround
and higher sensitivity and specificity. Additionally, molecular methods performed
on cerebrospinal fluid samples are considered the new gold standard for diagnosis
of CNS infection caused by pathogens, which are otherwise difficult to detect.
Commercial diagnostic platforms offer various monoplex and multiplex PCR assays
for convenient testing of targets that cause similar clinical illness. Pan-omic
molecular platforms possess potential for use in this area. Although molecular
methods are predicted to be widely used in diagnosing and monitoring CNS
infections, results generated by these methods need to be carefully interpreted
in combination with clinical findings. This review summarizes the currently
available armamentarium of molecular assays for diagnosis of central nervous
system infections, their application, and future approaches.