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2015 ; 15
(9
): 21613-35
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Label-Free Biosensor Imaging on Photonic Crystal Surfaces
#MMPMID26343684
Zhuo Y
; Cunningham BT
Sensors (Basel)
2015[Aug]; 15
(9
): 21613-35
PMID26343684
show ga
We review the development and application of nanostructured photonic crystal
surfaces and a hyperspectral reflectance imaging detection instrument which, when
used together, represent a new form of optical microscopy that enables
label-free, quantitative, and kinetic monitoring of biomaterial interaction with
substrate surfaces. Photonic Crystal Enhanced Microscopy (PCEM) has been used to
detect broad classes of materials which include dielectric nanoparticles, metal
plasmonic nanoparticles, biomolecular layers, and live cells. Because PCEM does
not require cytotoxic stains or photobleachable fluorescent dyes, it is
especially useful for monitoring the long-term interactions of cells with
extracellular matrix surfaces. PCEM is only sensitive to the attachment of cell
components within ~200 nm of the photonic crystal surface, which may correspond
to the region of most interest for adhesion processes that involve stem cell
differentiation, chemotaxis, and metastasis. PCEM has also demonstrated
sufficient sensitivity for sensing nanoparticle contrast agents that are roughly
the same size as protein molecules, which may enable applications in "digital"
diagnostics with single molecule sensing resolution. We will review PCEM's
development history, operating principles, nanostructure design, and imaging
modalities that enable tracking of optical scatterers, emitters, absorbers, and
centers of dielectric permittivity.