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2015 ; 5
(6
): 92-97
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LINE retrotransposition and host DNA repair machinery
#MMPMID26942045
Yamaguchi K
; Kajikawa M
; Okada N
Mob Genet Elements
2015[Nov]; 5
(6
): 92-97
PMID26942045
show ga
Long interspersed elements (LINEs), or non-long-terminal repeat (LTR)
retrotransposons, are mobile genetic elements that exist in the genomic DNA of
most eukaryotes, comprising a considerable portion of the host chromosomes. LINEs
constitute endogenous mutagens that cause insertional mutations in host
chromosomes and have a large impact on host genome evolution. Despite their
importance, however, the molecular mechanism of LINE retrotransposition is not
fully understood. Several studies suggest that host proteins that participate in
the repair of DNA breaks modulate LINE retrotransposition. Recently, we provided
evidence that there are 2 distinct pathways-annealing and direct-that join the
5'-end of LINEs to host chromosomal DNA. These pathways appear to be used
distinctively by zebrafish LINEs and the human L1 in DT40 cells. In HeLa cells,
only the annealing pathway appears to be used. This implies that different
characteristics of the 2 LINEs and also host factors dictate which pathway is
selected. Here, we discuss the 5'-end-joining pathways of LINE retrotransposition
and propose that the pathways of LINE integration adopt certain host repair
factors.