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2016 ; 9
(2
): 207-216
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LINCing defective nuclear-cytoskeletal coupling and DYT1 dystonia
#MMPMID27499815
Saunders CA
; Luxton GW
Cell Mol Bioeng
2016[Jun]; 9
(2
): 207-216
PMID27499815
show ga
Mechanical forces generated by nuclear-cytoskeletal coupling through the LINC
(linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complex, an evolutionarily conserved
molecular bridge in the nuclear envelope (NE), are critical for the execution of
wholesale nuclear positioning events in migrating and dividing cells, chromosome
dynamics during meiosis, and mechanotransduction. LINC complexes consist of outer
(KASH (Klarsicht, ANC-1, and Syne homology)) and inner (SUN (Sad1, UNC-84))
nuclear membrane proteins. KASH proteins interact with the cytoskeleton in the
cytoplasm and SUN proteins in the perinuclear space of the NE. In the
nucleoplasm, SUN proteins interact with A-type nuclear lamins and
chromatin-binding proteins. Recent structural insights into the KASH-SUN
interaction have generated several questions regarding how LINC complex assembly
and function might be regulated within the perinuclear space. Here we discuss
potential LINC regulatory mechanisms and focus on the potential role of AAA+
(ATPases associated with various cellular activities) protein, torsinA, as a LINC
complex regulator within the NE. We also examine how defects in LINC complex
regulation by torsinA may contribute to the pathogenesis of the human
neurological movement disorder, DYT1 dystonia.