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2017 ; 372
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): ä Nephropedia Template TP
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
2017[Oct]; 372
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Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), taxonomical name human gammaherpesvirus 8, is
a phylogenetically old human virus that co-evolved with human populations, but is
now only common (seroprevalence greater than 10%) in sub-Saharan Africa, around
the Mediterranean Sea, parts of South America and in a few ethnic communities.
KSHV causes three human malignancies, Kaposi sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma,
and many cases of the plasmablastic form of multicentric Castleman's disease
(MCD) as well as occasional cases of plasmablastic lymphoma arising from MCD; it
has also been linked to rare cases of bone marrow failure and hepatitis. As it
has colonized humans physiologically for many thousand years, cofactors are
needed to allow it to unfold its pathogenic potential. In most cases, these
include immune defects of genetic, iatrogenic or infectious origin, and
inflammation appears to play an important role in disease development. Our much
improved understanding of its life cycle and its role in pathogenesis should now
allow us to develop new therapeutic strategies directed against key viral
proteins or intracellular pathways that are crucial for virus replication or
persistence. Likewise, its limited (for a herpesvirus) distribution and
transmission should offer an opportunity for the development and use of a vaccine
to prevent transmission.This article is part of the themed issue 'Human oncogenic
viruses'.
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