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2015 ; 51
(4
): 257-67
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Ion channel-transporter interactions
#MMPMID27098917
Neverisky DL
; Abbott GW
Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol
2015[Jul]; 51
(4
): 257-67
PMID27098917
show ga
All living cells require membrane proteins that act as conduits for the regulated
transport of ions, solutes and other small molecules across the cell membrane.
Ion channels provide a pore that permits often rapid, highly selective and
tightly regulated movement of ions down their electrochemical gradient. In
contrast, active transporters can move moieties up their electrochemical
gradient. The secondary active transporters (such as SLC superfamily solute
transporters) achieve this by coupling uphill movement of the substrate to
downhill movement of another ion, such as sodium. The primary active transporters
(including H(+)/K(+)-ATPases and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPases) utilize ATP hydrolysis as an
energy source to power uphill transport. It is well known that proteins in each
of these classes work in concert with members of the other classes to ensure, for
example, ion homeostasis, ion secretion and restoration of ion balance following
action potentials. More recently, evidence is emerging of direct physical
interaction between true ion channels, and some primary or secondary active
transporters. Here, we review the first known members of this new class of
macromolecular complexes that we term "chansporters", explore their biological
roles and discuss the pathophysiological consequences of their disruption. We
compare functional and/or physical interactions between the ubiquitous KCNQ1
potassium channel and various active transporters, and examine other newly
discovered chansporter complexes that suggest we may be seeing the tip of the
iceberg in a newly emerging signaling modality.
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