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2016 ; 7
(2
): 126-35
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Investigating a holobiont: Microbiota perturbations and transkingdom networks
#MMPMID26979110
Greer R
; Dong X
; Morgun A
; Shulzhenko N
Gut Microbes
2016[]; 7
(2
): 126-35
PMID26979110
show ga
The scientific community has recently come to appreciate that, rather than
existing as independent organisms, multicellular hosts and their microbiota
comprise a complex evolving superorganism or metaorganism, termed a holobiont.
This point of view leads to a re-evaluation of our understanding of different
physiological processes and diseases. In this paper we focus on experimental and
computational approaches which, when combined in one study, allowed us to dissect
mechanisms (traditionally named host-microbiota interactions) regulating
holobiont physiology. Specifically, we discuss several approaches for microbiota
perturbation, such as use of antibiotics and germ-free animals, including
advantages and potential caveats of their usage. We briefly review computational
approaches to characterize the microbiota and, more importantly, methods to infer
specific components of microbiota (such as microbes or their genes) affecting
host functions. One such approach called transkingdom network analysis has been
recently developed and applied in our study. (1) Finally, we also discuss common
methods used to validate the computational predictions of host-microbiota
interactions using in vitro and in vivo experimental systems.