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2014 ; 8
(3
): 273-9
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Invadopodia in context
#MMPMID24713806
Bergman A
; Condeelis JS
; Gligorijevic B
Cell Adh Migr
2014[]; 8
(3
): 273-9
PMID24713806
show ga
Invadopodia are dynamic protrusions in motile tumor cells whose function is to
degrade extracellular matrix so that cells can enter into new environments.
Invadopodia are specifically identified by microscopy as proteolytic invasive
protrusions containing TKS5 and cortactin. The increasing complexity in models
for the study of invadopodia, including engineered 3D environments, explants, or
animal models in vivo, entails a higher level of microenvironment complexity as
well as cancer cell heterogeneity. Such experimental setups are rich in
information and offer the possibility of contextualizing invadopodia and other
motility-related structures. That is, they hold the promise of revealing more
realistic microenvironmental conditions under which the invadopodium assembles
and functions or in which tumor cells switch to a different cellular phenotype
(focal adhesion, lamellipodia, proliferation, and apoptosis). For such an effort,
we need a systemic approach to microscopy, which will integrate information from
multiple modalities. While the individual technologies needed to achieve this are
mostly available, data integration and standardization is not a trivial process.
In a systems microscopy approach, microscopy is used to extract information on
cell phenotypes and the microenvironment while -omics technologies assess
profiles of cancer cell and microenvironment genetic, transcription, translation,
and protein makeups. Data are classified and linked via in silico modeling
(including statistical and mathematical models and bioinformatics). Computational
considerations create predictions to be validated experimentally by perturbing
the system through use of genetic manipulations and molecular biology. With such
a holistic approach, a deeper understanding of function of invadopodia in vivo
will be reached, opening the potential for personalized diagnostics and
therapies.
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