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2017 ; 18
(1
): 216
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Intron retention enhances gene regulatory complexity in vertebrates
#MMPMID29141666
Schmitz U
; Pinello N
; Jia F
; Alasmari S
; Ritchie W
; Keightley MC
; Shini S
; Lieschke GJ
; Wong JJ
; Rasko JEJ
Genome Biol
2017[Nov]; 18
(1
): 216
PMID29141666
show ga
BACKGROUND: While intron retention (IR) is now widely accepted as an important
mechanism of mammalian gene expression control, it remains the least studied form
of alternative splicing. To delineate conserved features of IR, we performed an
exhaustive phylogenetic analysis in a highly purified and functionally defined
cell type comprising neutrophilic granulocytes from five vertebrate species
spanning 430 million years of evolution. RESULTS: Our RNA-sequencing-based
analysis suggests that IR increases gene regulatory complexity, which is
indicated by a strong anti-correlation between the number of genes affected by IR
and the number of protein-coding genes in the genome of individual species. Our
results confirm that IR affects many orthologous or functionally related genes in
granulocytes. Further analysis uncovers new and unanticipated conserved
characteristics of intron-retaining transcripts. We find that intron-retaining
genes are transcriptionally co-regulated from bidirectional promoters.
Intron-retaining genes have significantly longer 3' UTR sequences, with a
corresponding increase in microRNA binding sites, some of which include highly
conserved sequence motifs. This suggests that intron-retaining genes are highly
regulated post-transcriptionally. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides unique insights
concerning the role of IR as a robust and evolutionarily conserved mechanism of
gene expression regulation. Our findings enhance our understanding of gene
regulatory complexity by adding another contributor to evolutionary adaptation.