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2017 ; 474
(11
): 1823-1836
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Introduction to the human gut microbiota
#MMPMID28512250
Thursby E
; Juge N
Biochem J
2017[May]; 474
(11
): 1823-1836
PMID28512250
show ga
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbours a complex and dynamic population
of microorganisms, the gut microbiota, which exert a marked influence on the host
during homeostasis and disease. Multiple factors contribute to the establishment
of the human gut microbiota during infancy. Diet is considered as one of the main
drivers in shaping the gut microbiota across the life time. Intestinal bacteria
play a crucial role in maintaining immune and metabolic homeostasis and
protecting against pathogens. Altered gut bacterial composition (dysbiosis) has
been associated with the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases and
infections. The interpretation of these studies relies on a better understanding
of inter-individual variations, heterogeneity of bacterial communities along and
across the GI tract, functional redundancy and the need to distinguish cause from
effect in states of dysbiosis. This review summarises our current understanding
of the development and composition of the human GI microbiota, and its impact on
gut integrity and host health, underlying the need for mechanistic studies
focusing on host-microbe interactions.
|*Evidence-Based Medicine
[MESH]
|*Gastrointestinal Microbiome
[MESH]
|*Health Status
[MESH]
|*Symbiosis
[MESH]
|Animals
[MESH]
|Dysbiosis/immunology/microbiology/physiopathology/prevention & control
[MESH]