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Intrinsic regulation of thyroid function by thyroglobulin
#MMPMID24251883
Sellitti DF
; Suzuki K
Thyroid
2014[Apr]; 24
(4
): 625-38
PMID24251883
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BACKGROUND: The established paradigm for thyroglobulin (Tg) function is that of a
high molecular weight precursor of the much smaller thyroid hormones,
triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). However, speculation regarding the
cause of the functional and morphologic heterogeneity of the follicles that make
up the thyroid gland has given rise to the proposition that Tg is not only a
precursor of thyroid hormones, but that it also functions as an important signal
molecule in regulating thyroid hormone biosynthesis. SUMMARY: Evidence supporting
this alternative paradigm of Tg function, including the up- or downregulation by
colloidal Tg of the transcription of Tg, iodide transporters, and enzymes
employed in Tg iodination, and also the effects of Tg on the proliferation of
thyroid and nonthyroid cells, is examined in the present review. Also discussed
in detail are potential mechanisms of Tg signaling in follicular cells.
CONCLUSIONS: Finally, we propose a mechanism, based on experimental observations
of Tg effects on thyroid cell behavior, that could account for the phenomenon of
follicular heterogeneity as a highly regulated cycle of increasing and decreasing
colloidal Tg concentration that functions to optimize thyroid hormone production
through the transcriptional activation or suppression of specific genes.
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