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Interstitial cells: regulators of smooth muscle function
#MMPMID24987007
Sanders KM
; Ward SM
; Koh SD
Physiol Rev
2014[Jul]; 94
(3
): 859-907
PMID24987007
show ga
Smooth muscles are complex tissues containing a variety of cells in addition to
muscle cells. Interstitial cells of mesenchymal origin interact with and form
electrical connectivity with smooth muscle cells in many organs, and these cells
provide important regulatory functions. For example, in the gastrointestinal
tract, interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and PDGFR?(+) cells have been described,
in detail, and represent distinct classes of cells with unique ultrastructure,
molecular phenotypes, and functions. Smooth muscle cells are electrically coupled
to ICC and PDGFR?(+) cells, forming an integrated unit called the SIP syncytium.
SIP cells express a variety of receptors and ion channels, and conductance
changes in any type of SIP cell affect the excitability and responses of the
syncytium. SIP cells are known to provide pacemaker activity, propagation
pathways for slow waves, transduction of inputs from motor neurons, and
mechanosensitivity. Loss of interstitial cells has been associated with motor
disorders of the gut. Interstitial cells are also found in a variety of other
smooth muscles; however, in most cases, the physiological and pathophysiological
roles for these cells have not been clearly defined. This review describes
structural, functional, and molecular features of interstitial cells and
discusses their contributions in determining the behaviors of smooth muscle
tissues.
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