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2018 ; 8
(ä): 31-41
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Interactions between Retroviruses and the Host Cell Genome
#MMPMID29159201
Poletti V
; Mavilio F
Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev
2018[Mar]; 8
(ä): 31-41
PMID29159201
show ga
Replication-defective retroviral vectors have been used for more than 25 years as
a tool for efficient and stable insertion of therapeutic transgenes in human
cells. Patients suffering from severe genetic diseases have been successfully
treated by transplantation of autologous hematopoietic stem-progenitor cells
(HSPCs) transduced with retroviral vectors, and the first of this class of
therapies, Strimvelis, has recently received market authorization in Europe. Some
clinical trials, however, resulted in severe adverse events caused by
vector-induced proto-oncogene activation, which showed that retroviral vectors
may retain a genotoxic potential associated to proviral integration in the human
genome. The adverse events sparked a renewed interest in the biology of
retroviruses, which led in a few years to a remarkable understanding of the
molecular mechanisms underlying retroviral integration site selection within
mammalian genomes. This review summarizes the current knowledge on
retrovirus-host interactions at the genomic level, and the peculiar mechanisms by
which different retroviruses, and their related gene transfer vectors, integrate
in, and interact with, the human genome. This knowledge provides the basis for
the development of safer and more efficacious retroviral vectors for human gene
therapy.