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2014 ; 25
(5
): 333-8
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Interaction of pathogens with host cholesterol metabolism
#MMPMID25036592
Sviridov D
; Bukrinsky M
Curr Opin Lipidol
2014[Oct]; 25
(5
): 333-8
PMID25036592
show ga
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Pathogens of different taxa, from prions to protozoa, target
cellular cholesterol metabolism to advance their own development and to impair
host immune responses, but also causing metabolic complications, for example,
atherosclerosis. This review describes recent findings of how pathogens do it.
RECENT FINDINGS: A common theme in interaction between pathogens and host
cholesterol metabolism is pathogens targeting lipid rafts of the host plasma
membrane. Many intracellular pathogens use rafts as an entry gate, taking
advantage of the endocytic machinery and high abundance of outward-looking
molecules that can be used as receptors. At the same time, disruption of the
rafts' functional capacity, achieved by the pathogens through a number of various
means, impairs the ability of the host to generate immune response, thus helping
pathogen to thrive. Pathogens cannot synthesize cholesterol, and salvaging host
cholesterol helps pathogens build advanced cholesterol-containing membranes and
assembly platforms. Impact on cholesterol metabolism is not limited to the
infected cells; proteins and microRNAs secreted by infected cells affect lipid
metabolism systemically. SUMMARY: Given an essential role that host cholesterol
metabolism plays in pathogen development, targeting this interaction may be a
viable strategy to fight infections, as well as metabolic complications of the
infections.