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2018 ; 19
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Insights into the Mechanisms of Chloroplast Division
#MMPMID29510533
Yoshida Y
Int J Mol Sci
2018[Mar]; 19
(3
): ä PMID29510533
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The endosymbiosis of a free-living cyanobacterium into an ancestral eukaryote led
to the evolution of the chloroplast (plastid) more than one billion years ago.
Given their independent origins, plastid proliferation is restricted to the
binary fission of pre-existing plastids within a cell. In the last 25 years, the
structure of the supramolecular machinery regulating plastid division has been
discovered, and some of its component proteins identified. More recently,
isolated plastid-division machineries have been examined to elucidate their
structural and mechanistic details. Furthermore, complex studies have revealed
how the plastid-division machinery morphologically transforms during plastid
division, and which of its component proteins play a critical role in generating
the contractile force. Identifying the three-dimensional structures and putative
functional domains of the component proteins has given us hints about the
mechanisms driving the machinery. Surprisingly, the mechanisms driving plastid
division resemble those of mitochondrial division, indicating that these division
machineries likely developed from the same evolutionary origin, providing a key
insight into how endosymbiotic organelles were established. These findings have
opened new avenues of research into organelle proliferation mechanisms and the
evolution of organelles.
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