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2011 ; 51
(3
): 576-93
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Inorganic nitrite therapy: historical perspective and future directions
#MMPMID21619929
Kevil CG
; Kolluru GK
; Pattillo CB
; Giordano T
Free Radic Biol Med
2011[Aug]; 51
(3
): 576-93
PMID21619929
show ga
Over the past several years, investigators studying nitric oxide (NO) biology and
metabolism have come to learn that the one-electron oxidation product of NO,
nitrite anion, serves as a unique player in modulating tissue NO bioavailability.
Numerous studies have examined how this oxidized metabolite of NO can act as a
salvage pathway for maintaining NO equivalents through multiple reduction
mechanisms in permissive tissue environments. Moreover, it is now clear that
nitrite anion production and distribution throughout the body can act in an
endocrine manner to augment NO bioavailability, which is important for
physiological and pathological processes. These discoveries have led to renewed
hope and efforts for an effective NO-based therapeutic agent through the unique
action of sodium nitrite as an NO prodrug. More recent studies also indicate that
sodium nitrate may also increase plasma nitrite levels via the enterosalivary
circulatory system resulting in nitrate reduction to nitrite by microorganisms
found within the oral cavity. In this review, we discuss the importance of
nitrite anion in several disease models along with an appraisal of sodium nitrite
therapy in the clinic, potential caveats of such clinical uses, and future
possibilities for nitrite-based therapies.