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2017 ; 9
(23
): 979-989
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Innate lymphoid cells in tissue homeostasis and diseases
#MMPMID28878863
Ignacio A
; Breda CNS
; Camara NOS
World J Hepatol
2017[Aug]; 9
(23
): 979-989
PMID28878863
show ga
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are the most recently discovered family of innate
immune cells. They are a part of the innate immune system, but develop from the
lymphoid lineage. They lack pattern-recognition receptors and rearranged
receptors, and therefore cannot directly mediate antigen specific responses. The
progenitors specifically associated with the ILCs lineage have been uncovered,
enabling the distinction between ILCs and natural killer cells. Based on the
requirement of specific transcription factors and their patterns of cytokine
production, ILCs are categorized into three subsets (ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3). First
observed in mucosal surfaces, these cell populations interact with hematopoietic
and non-hematopoietic cells throughout the body during homeostasis and diseases,
promoting immunity, commensal microbiota tolerance, tissue repair and
inflammation. Over the last 8 years, ILCs came into the spotlight as an essential
cell type able to integrate diverse host immune responses. Recently, it became
known that ILC subsets play a key role in immune responses at barrier surfaces,
interacting with the microbiota, nutrients and metabolites. Since the liver
receives the venous blood directly from the intestinal vein, the intestine and
liver are essential to maintain tolerance and can rapidly respond to infections
or tissue damage. Therefore, in this review, we discuss recent findings regarding
ILC functions in homeostasis and disease, with a focus on the intestine and
liver.