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2015 ; 479-480
(ä): 146-52
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Innate immune recognition of DNA: A recent history
#MMPMID25816762
Dempsey A
; Bowie AG
Virology
2015[May]; 479-480
(ä): 146-52
PMID25816762
show ga
Innate immune DNA sensing underpins many physiological and pathological responses
to DNA, including anti-viral immunity to DNA viruses. Although it has been
appreciated for many years that cytosolic DNA can evoke a type I interferon
response, it is only within the past decade that the cellular mechanisms
responsible for such a response have been defined. Here we review the discoveries
that led to an appreciation of the existence of cytosolic DNA sensor proteins,
and discuss two key such sensors, cGAS and IFI16, in detail. DNA sensors operate
via STING, a protein shown to have a central role in controlling altered gene
induction in response to DNA in vivo, and as such to be central to a rapidly
expanding list of both protective and harmful responses to DNA. We also discuss
recent insights into how and when DNA stimulates innate immunity, and highlight
current outstanding questions in the DNA sensing field.