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2015 ; 2015
(ä): 478408
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Innate Immune Memory: The Latest Frontier of Adjuvanticity
#MMPMID26380322
Töpfer E
; Boraschi D
; Italiani P
J Immunol Res
2015[]; 2015
(ä): 478408
PMID26380322
show ga
Recent findings in the field of immune memory have demonstrated that B and T cell
mediated immunity following infections are enhanced by the so-called trained
immunity. This effect has been most extensively investigated for the tuberculosis
vaccine strain Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Epidemiological studies suggest
that this vaccine is associated with a substantial reduction in overall child
mortality that cannot be solely explained by prevention of the target disease but
that it seems to rely on inducing resistance to other infections. Upon infection
or vaccination, monocytes/macrophages can be functionally reprogrammed so as to
display an enhanced defensive response against unrelated infections. Epigenetic
modifications seem to play a key role in the induction of this "innate memory."
These findings are revolutionising our knowledge of the immune system,
introducing the concept of memory also for mammalian innate immunity. Thus,
vaccines are likely to nonspecifically affect the overall immunological status of
individuals in a clinically relevant manner. As a consequence, future vaccine
strategies ought to take into account the contribution of innate memory through
appropriate design of formulations and administration scheduling.
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