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2017 ; 24
(7
): 1184-1195
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Initiation and execution mechanisms of necroptosis: an overview
#MMPMID28498367
Grootjans S
; Vanden Berghe T
; Vandenabeele P
Cell Death Differ
2017[Jul]; 24
(7
): 1184-1195
PMID28498367
show ga
Necroptosis is a form of regulated cell death, which is induced by ligand binding
to TNF family death domain receptors, pattern recognizing receptors and virus
sensors. The common feature of these receptor systems is the implication of
proteins, which contain a receptor interaction protein kinase (RIPK) homology
interaction motif (RHIM) mediating recruitment and activation of
receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3), which ultimately activates the
necroptosis executioner mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL). In case of the
TNF family members, the initiator is the survival- and cell death-regulating
RIPK1 kinase, in the case of Toll-like receptor 3/4 (TLR3/4), a RHIM-containing
adaptor, called TRIF, while in the case of Z-DNA-binding protein ZBP1/DAI, the
cytosolic viral sensor itself contains a RHIM domain. In this review, we discuss
the different protein complexes that serve as nucleation platforms for
necroptosis and the mechanism of execution of necroptosis. Transgenic models
(knockout, kinase-dead knock-in) and pharmacologic inhibition indicate that
RIPK1, RIPK3 or MLKL are implicated in many inflammatory, degenerative and
infectious diseases. However, the conclusion of necroptosis being solely involved
in the etiology of diseases is blurred by the pleiotropic roles of RIPK1 and
RIPK3 in other cellular processes such as apoptosis and inflammasome activation.
|*Apoptosis
[MESH]
|Amyloid/metabolism
[MESH]
|Animals
[MESH]
|Humans
[MESH]
|Models, Biological
[MESH]
|Necrosis
[MESH]
|Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
[MESH]