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2017 ; 29
(2
): 187-198
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Inherited and acquired disorders of magnesium homeostasis
#MMPMID27906866
Wolf MT
Curr Opin Pediatr
2017[Apr]; 29
(2
): 187-198
PMID27906866
show ga
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Magnesium (Mg) imbalances are frequently overlooked.
Hypermagnesemia usually occurs in preeclamptic women after Mg therapy or in
end-stage renal disease patients, whereas hypomagnesemia is more common with a
prevalence of up to 15% in the general population. Increasing evidence points
toward a role for mild-to-moderate chronic hypomagnesemia in the pathogenesis of
hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. RECENT FINDINGS:
The kidneys are the major regulator of total body Mg homeostasis. Over the last
decade, the identification of the responsible genes in rare genetic disorders has
enhanced our understanding of how the kidney handles Mg. The different genetic
disorders and medications contributing to abnormal Mg homeostasis are reviewed.
SUMMARY: As dysfunctional Mg homeostasis contributes to the development of many
common human disorders, serum Mg deserves closer monitoring. Hypomagnesemic
patients may be asymptomatic or may have mild symptoms. In severe hypomagnesemia,
patients may present with neurological symptoms such as seizures, spasms, or
cramps. Renal symptoms include nephrocalcinosis and impaired renal function. Most
conditions affect tubular Mg reabsorption by disturbing the lumen-positive
potential in the thick ascending limb or the negative membrane potential in the
distal convoluted tubule.
|Diagnosis, Differential
[MESH]
|Female
[MESH]
|Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*epidemiology
[MESH]
free
free
free
