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2017 ; 7
(ä): 44066
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Information-theoretic equilibrium and observable thermalization
#MMPMID28266646
Anzą F
; Vedral V
Sci Rep
2017[Mar]; 7
(ä): 44066
PMID28266646
show ga
A crucial point in statistical mechanics is the definition of the notion of
thermal equilibrium, which can be given as the state that maximises the von
Neumann entropy, under the validity of some constraints. Arguing that such a
notion can never be experimentally probed, in this paper we propose a new notion
of thermal equilibrium, focused on observables rather than on the full state of
the quantum system. We characterise such notion of thermal equilibrium for an
arbitrary observable via the maximisation of its Shannon entropy and we bring to
light the thermal properties that it heralds. The relation with Gibbs ensembles
is studied and understood. We apply such a notion of equilibrium to a closed
quantum system and show that there is always a class of observables which
exhibits thermal equilibrium properties and we give a recipe to explicitly
construct them. Eventually, an intimate connection with the Eigenstate
Thermalisation Hypothesis is brought to light.