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2017 ; 13
(8
): e1006588
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Influenza NS1 directly modulates Hedgehog signaling during infection
#MMPMID28837667
Smelkinson MG
; Guichard A
; Teijaro JR
; Malur M
; Loureiro ME
; Jain P
; Ganesan S
; Zúñiga EI
; Krug RM
; Oldstone MB
; Bier E
PLoS Pathog
2017[Aug]; 13
(8
): e1006588
PMID28837667
show ga
The multifunctional NS1 protein of influenza A viruses suppresses host cellular
defense mechanisms and subverts other cellular functions. We report here on a new
role for NS1 in modifying cell-cell signaling via the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway.
Genetic epistasis experiments and FRET-FLIM assays in Drosophila suggest that NS1
interacts directly with the transcriptional mediator, Ci/Gli1. We further
confirmed that Hh target genes are activated cell-autonomously in transfected
human lung epithelial cells expressing NS1, and in infected mouse lungs. We
identified a point mutation in NS1, A122V, that modulates this activity in a
context-dependent fashion. When the A122V mutation was incorporated into a
mouse-adapted influenza A virus, it cell-autonomously enhanced expression of some
Hh targets in the mouse lung, including IL6, and hastened lethality. These
results indicate that, in addition to its multiple intracellular functions, NS1
also modifies a highly conserved signaling pathway, at least in part via cell
autonomous activities. We discuss how this new Hh modulating function of NS1 may
influence host lethality, possibly through controlling cytokine production, and
how these new insights provide potential strategies for combating infection.
|Animals
[MESH]
|Drosophila
[MESH]
|Hedgehog Proteins/*metabolism
[MESH]
|Humans
[MESH]
|Immunohistochemistry
[MESH]
|Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/metabolism
[MESH]