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2015 ; 185
(5
): 1344-60
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Inflammation in the pathogenesis of lyme neuroborreliosis
#MMPMID25892509
Ramesh G
; Didier PJ
; England JD
; Santana-Gould L
; Doyle-Meyers LA
; Martin DS
; Jacobs MB
; Philipp MT
Am J Pathol
2015[May]; 185
(5
): 1344-60
PMID25892509
show ga
Lyme neuroborreliosis, caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, affects
both peripheral and central nervous systems. We assessed a causal role for
inflammation in Lyme neuroborreliosis pathogenesis by evaluating the induced
inflammatory changes in the central nervous system, spinal nerves, and dorsal
root ganglia (DRG) of rhesus macaques that were inoculated intrathecally with
live B. burgdorferi and either treated with dexamethasone or meloxicam
(anti-inflammatory drugs) or left untreated. ELISA of cerebrospinal fluid showed
significantly elevated levels of IL-6, IL-8, chemokine ligand 2, and CXCL13 and
pleocytosis in all infected animals, except dexamethasone-treated animals.
Cerebrospinal fluid and central nervous system tissues of infected animals were
culture positive for B. burgdorferi regardless of treatment. B. burgdorferi
antigen was detected in the DRG and dorsal roots by immunofluorescence staining
and confocal microscopy. Histopathology revealed leptomeningitis, vasculitis, and
focal inflammation in the central nervous system; necrotizing focal myelitis in
the cervical spinal cord; radiculitis; neuritis and demyelination in the spinal
roots; and inflammation with neurodegeneration in the DRG that was concomitant
with significant neuronal and satellite glial cell apoptosis. These changes were
absent in the dexamethasone-treated animals. Electromyography revealed persistent
abnormalities in F-wave chronodispersion in nerve roots of a few infected
animals; which were absent in dexamethasone-treated animals. These results
suggest that inflammation has a causal role in the pathogenesis of acute Lyme
neuroborreliosis.