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2017 ; 18
(9
): 1019-1029
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Inflammasome Activation in Chronic Glomerular Diseases
#MMPMID27538510
Conley SM
; Abais JM
; Boini KM
; Li PL
Curr Drug Targets
2017[]; 18
(9
): 1019-1029
PMID27538510
show ga
BACKGROUND: The intracellular multiprotein complex termed the inflammasome
functions as a platform of pro-inflammatory cytokine production such as IL-1? and
IL-18. Under certain conditions, however, the inflammasome produces non-canonical
effects such as induction of cell death, pyroptosis and cell metabolism
alterations. OBJECTIVE: In mammalian cells, several types of inflammasomes were
identified, but the most widely studied one is the inflammasome containing
NOD-like receptor with pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3), which has recently been reported
as a central pathogenic mechanism of chronic degenerative diseases. Many
activators or risk factors exert their actions through the activation of the
NLRP3 inflammasome to produce a variety of functional changes in different cells
including inflammatory, metabolic or survival responses. Several molecular
signaling pathways are shown to mediate the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome,
and they are related to the modifications in K+ efflux, increased lysosome
leakage and activation of cathepsin B or enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS)
production. In the kidney, inflammation is believed to mediate or promote the
progression of glomerular sclerotic pathologies resulting in end-stage renal
disease (ESRD). NLRP3 inflammasome activation may turn on glomerular inflammation
and other cell damages, contributing to the onset of glomerular injury and ESRD.
This inflammasome activation not only occurs in immune cells, but also in
residential cells such as endothelial cells and podocytes in the glomeruli.
SUMMARY: This review briefly summarizes current evidence of NLRP3 inflammasome
activation and related molecular mechanisms in renal glomeruli. The possible
canonical and non-canonical effects of this inflammasome activation and its
potential implication in the development of different glomerular diseases are
highlighted.