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2015 ; 390
(Pt 1
): 211-40
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Infectious Mononucleosis
#MMPMID26424648
Dunmire SK
; Hogquist KA
; Balfour HH
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol
2015[]; 390
(Pt 1
): 211-40
PMID26424648
show ga
Infectious mononucleosis is a clinical entity characterized by sore throat,
cervical lymph node enlargement, fatigue, and fever most often seen in
adolescents and young adults and lasting several weeks. It can be caused by a
number of pathogens, but this chapter only discusses infectious mononucleosis due
to primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. EBV is a ?-herpesvirus that
infects at least 90% of the population worldwide. The virus is spread by intimate
oral contact among teenagers and young adults. How preadolescents acquire the
virus is not known. A typical clinical picture with a positive heterophile test
is usually sufficient to make the diagnosis, but heterophile antibodies are not
specific and do not develop in some patients. EBV-specific antibody profiles are
the best choice for staging EBV infection. In addition to causing acute illness,
there can also be long-term consequences as the result of acquisition of the
virus. Several EBV-related illnesses occur including certain cancers and
autoimmune diseases, as well as complications of primary immunodeficiency in
persons with the certain genetic mutations. A major obstacle to understanding
these sequelae has been the lack of an efficient animal model for EBV infection,
although progress in primate and mouse models has recently been made. Key future
challenges are to develop protective vaccines and effective treatment regimens.