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2014 ; 20
(8
): 731-40
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Infection control for norovirus
#MMPMID24813073
Barclay L
; Park GW
; Vega E
; Hall A
; Parashar U
; Vinjé J
; Lopman B
Clin Microbiol Infect
2014[Aug]; 20
(8
): 731-40
PMID24813073
show ga
Norovirus infections are notoriously difficult to prevent and control, owing to
their low infectious dose, high shedding titre, and environmental stability. The
virus can spread through multiple transmission routes, of which person-to-person
and foodborne are the most important. Recent advances in molecular diagnostics
have helped to establish norovirus as the most common cause of sporadic
gastroenteritis and the most common cause of outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis
across all ages. In this article, we review the epidemiology and virology of
noroviruses, and prevention and control guidelines, with a focus on the
principles of disinfection and decontamination. Outbreak management relies on
sound infection control principles, including hand hygiene, limiting exposure to
infectious individuals, and thorough environmental decontamination. Ideally, all
infection control recommendations would rely on empirical evidence, but a number
of challenges, including the inability to culture noroviruses in the laboratory
and the challenges of outbreak management in complex environments, has made it
difficult to garner clear evidence of efficacy in certain areas of infection
control. New experimental data on cultivable surrogates for human norovirus and
on environmental survivability and relative resistance to commonly used
disinfectants are providing new insights for further refinining disinfection
practices. Finally, clinical trials are underway to evaluate the efficacy of
vaccines, which may shift the current infection control principles to more
targeted interventions.