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2017 ; 15
(1
): 30
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Infant fungal communities: current knowledge and research opportunities
#MMPMID28190400
Ward TL
; Knights D
; Gale CA
BMC Med
2017[Feb]; 15
(1
): 30
PMID28190400
show ga
The microbes colonizing the infant gastrointestinal tract have been implicated in
later-life disease states such as allergies and obesity. Recently, the medical
research community has begun to realize that very early colonization events may
be most impactful on future health, with the presence of key taxa required for
proper immune and metabolic development. However, most studies to date have
focused on bacterial colonization events and have left out fungi, a clinically
important sub-population of the microbiota. A number of recent findings indicate
the importance of host-associated fungi (the mycobiota) in adult and infant
disease states, including acute infections, allergies, and metabolism, making
characterization of early human mycobiota an important frontier of medical
research. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge with a focus on
factors influencing infant mycobiota development and associations between early
fungal exposures and health outcomes. We also propose next steps for infant
fungal mycobiome research, including longitudinal studies of mother-infant pairs
while monitoring long-term health outcomes, further exploration of
bacterium-fungus interactions, and improved methods and databases for mycobiome
quantitation.