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2025 ; 16
(1
): 724
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Increased nucleotide metabolism alleviates Alzheimer s disease pathology
#MMPMID41102145
Yu Y
; Miller MB
; Huang AY
; Tan BWZ
; Celardo I
; Leal NS
; Loh SHY
; Martins LM
Cell Death Dis
2025[Oct]; 16
(1
): 724
PMID41102145
show ga
Genetic information in cells flows from DNA to RNA to proteins, which form
molecular machines. During normal ageing, cell intrinsic and environmental
factors alter this flow of information by damaging DNA in cells, including
postmitotic neurons. Damage to DNA is associated with age-related
neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). We previously
reported an increase in DNA repair mechanisms in a fly model of AD. However, the
causal mechanisms underlying somatic mutations in AD remain unclear. Here, we
combine in silico methods from single-cell genomics of patients with AD with
experimental validation in a Drosophila model of AD to elucidate the DNA repair
processes in AD. We show that the levels of poly(ADP?ribose) polymerase 1
(PARP1), which mediates multiple DNA damage repair pathways, are increased in the
brains of patients with AD. We found that higher PARP1 levels in neurons from
patients with AD are linked to increased disease risk and a greater burden of
somatic mutations. Nucleotide imbalance can increase the frequency of somatic
mutations upon activation of DNA repair processes. Using a fly model of AD, we
identified a metabolic signature in AD animals characterised by decreased levels
of phosphorylated nucleotides. Enhancing nucleotide metabolism via dietary
supplementation or genetic manipulation protects against AD pathology in animals.
Finally, Mendelian randomisation revealed that higher expression of human
deoxyguanosine kinase (DGUOK) is linked to a lower risk of developing AD. Our
results suggest that enhancing nucleotide metabolism could improve DNA repair and
serve as an adjunct therapy to delay AD progression.