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2015 ; 8
(1
): 106-118
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Impulsive Enzymes: A New Force in Mechanobiology
#MMPMID26019728
Butler PJ
; Dey KK
; Sen A
Cell Mol Bioeng
2015[Mar]; 8
(1
): 106-118
PMID26019728
show ga
We review studies that quantify newly discovered forces from single enzymatic
reactions. These forces arise from the conversion of chemical energy to kinetic
energy, which can be harnessed to direct diffusion of the enzyme up a
concentration gradient of substrate, a novel phenomenon of molecular chemotaxis.
When immobilized, enzymes can move fluid around them and perform directional
pumping in microfluidic chambers. Because of the extensive array of enzymes in
biological cells, we also develop three new hypotheses: that enzymatic self
diffusion can assist in organizing signaling pathways in cells, can assist in
pumping of fluid in cells, and can impose biologically significant forces on
organelles, which will be manifested as stochastic motion not explained by
thermal forces or myosin II. Such mechanochemical phenomena open up new
directions in research in mechanobiology in which all enzymes, in addition to
their primary function as catalysts for reactions, may have secondary functions
as initiators of mechanosensitive transduction pathways.