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2015 ; 6
(ä): 1111
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Impact of cocaine abuse on HIV pathogenesis
#MMPMID26539167
Dash S
; Balasubramaniam M
; Villalta F
; Dash C
; Pandhare J
Front Microbiol
2015[]; 6
(ä): 1111
PMID26539167
show ga
Over 1.2 million people in the United States are infected with the human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Tremendous progress has been made over the
past three decades on many fronts in the prevention and treatment of HIV-1
disease. However, HIV-1 infection is incurable and antiretroviral drugs continue
to remain the only effective treatment option for HIV infected patients.
Unfortunately, only three out of ten HIV-1 infected individuals in the US have
the virus under control. Thus, majority of HIV-1 infected individuals in the US
are either unaware of their infection status or not connected/retained to care or
are non-adherent to antiretroviral therapy (ART). This national public health
crisis, as well as the ongoing global HIV/AIDS pandemic, is further exacerbated
by substance abuse, which serves as a powerful cofactor at every stage of
HIV/AIDS including transmission, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment. Clinical
studies indicate that substance abuse may increase viral load, accelerate disease
progression and worsen AIDS-related mortality even among ART-adherent patients.
However, confirming a direct causal link between substance abuse and HIV/AIDS in
human patients remains a highly challenging endeavor. In this review we will
discuss the recent and past developments in clinical and basic science research
on the effects of cocaine abuse on HIV-1 pathogenesis.
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