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2017 ; 17
(8
): 483-494
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Immunological implications of pregnancy-induced microchimerism
#MMPMID28480895
Kinder JM
; Stelzer IA
; Arck PC
; Way SS
Nat Rev Immunol
2017[Aug]; 17
(8
): 483-494
PMID28480895
show ga
Immunological identity is traditionally defined by genetically encoded antigens,
with equal maternal and paternal contributions as a result of Mendelian
inheritance. However, vertically transferred maternal cells also persist in
individuals at very low levels throughout postnatal development. Reciprocally,
mothers are seeded during pregnancy with genetically foreign fetal cells that
persist long after parturition. Recent findings suggest that these microchimeric
cells expressing non-inherited, familially relevant antigenic traits are not
accidental 'souvenirs' of pregnancy, but are purposefully retained within mothers
and their offspring to promote genetic fitness by improving the outcome of future
pregnancies. In this Review, we discuss the immunological implications, benefits
and potential consequences of individuals being constitutively chimeric with a
biologically active 'microchiome' of genetically foreign cells.