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2017 ; 37
(5
): 198-206
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Immune Diseases Associated with TREX1 and STING Dysfunction
#MMPMID28475463
Yan N
J Interferon Cytokine Res
2017[May]; 37
(5
): 198-206
PMID28475463
show ga
The innate immune system is the first line of defense against invading pathogens.
One important feature of innate immune recognition is self versus nonself
discrimination. The selectivity for microbial ligands is achieved through
substrate motif specificity, spatial compartmentalization, and functions of
negative regulators. Loss-of-function mutations in negative regulators or
gain-of-function mutations in drivers of innate immune signaling have been
associated with autoimmune diseases such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis,
inflammatory vasculopathy, and a variety of interferonopathies. This review will
focus on TREX1 and STING, which are opposing regulators of the cytosolic
DNA-sensing pathway. Tremendous effort over the past decade among academic and
clinical research groups has elucidated molecular mechanisms underlying immune
diseases associated with TREX1 and STING dysfunction. We have also witnessed
rapid therapeutic translation of the molecular findings. Several targeted
treatment options or druggable candidates are now available for these once
incurable diseases. With great enthusiasm from both academia and industry
partners, we look forward to seeing the remaining scientific questions answered
and, more importantly, the affected patients benefited from these discoveries.
|Exodeoxyribonucleases/*metabolism
[MESH]
|Humans
[MESH]
|Immune System Diseases/*metabolism/*physiopathology
[MESH]