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2016 ; 15
(3
): 174-85
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Hypoxic regulation of the noncoding genome and NEAT1
#MMPMID26590207
Choudhry H
; Mole DR
Brief Funct Genomics
2016[May]; 15
(3
): 174-85
PMID26590207
show ga
Activation of hypoxia pathways is both associated with and contributes to an
aggressive phenotype across multiple types of solid cancers. The regulation of
gene transcription by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a key element in this
response. HIF directly upregulates the expression of many hundreds of
protein-coding genes, which act to both improve oxygen delivery and to reduce
oxygen demand. However, it is now becoming apparent that many classes of
noncoding RNAs are also regulated by hypoxia, with several (e.g. micro RNAs, long
noncoding RNAs and antisense RNAs) under direct transcriptional regulation by
HIF. These hypoxia-regulated, noncoding RNAs may act as effectors of the indirect
response to HIF by acting on specific coding transcripts or by affecting generic
RNA-processing pathways. In addition, noncoding RNAs may also act as modulators
of the HIF pathway, either by integrating other physiological responses or, in
the case of HIF-regulated, noncoding RNAs, by providing negative or positive
feedback and feedforward loops that affect upstream or downstream components of
the HIF cascade. These hypoxia-regulated, noncoding transcripts play important
roles in the aggressive hypoxic phenotype observed in cancer.