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Hydra, a powerful model for aging studies
#MMPMID26120246
Tomczyk S
; Fischer K
; Austad S
; Galliot B
Invertebr Reprod Dev
2015[Jan]; 59
(sup1
): 11-16
PMID26120246
show ga
Cnidarian Hydra polyps escape senescence, most likely due to the robust activity
of their three stem cell populations. These stem cells continuously self-renew in
the body column and differentiate at the extremities following a tightly
coordinated spatial pattern. Paul Brien showed in 1953 that in one particular
species, Hydra oligactis, cold-dependent sexual differentiation leads to rapid
aging and death. Here, we review the features of this inducible aging phenotype.
These cellular alterations, detected several weeks after aging was induced, are
characterized by a decreasing density of somatic interstitial cell derivatives, a
disorganization of the apical nervous system, and a disorganization of myofibers
of the epithelial cells. Consequently, tissue replacement required to maintain
homeostasis, feeding behavior, and contractility of the animal are dramatically
affected. Interestingly, this aging phenotype is not observed in all H. oligactis
strains, thus providing a powerful experimental model for investigations of the
genetic control of aging. Given the presence in the cnidarian genome of a large
number of human orthologs that have been lost in ecdysozoans, such approaches
might help uncover novel regulators of aging in vertebrates.
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