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2014 ; 2014
(ä): 472978
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Human cytomegalovirus and autoimmune disease
#MMPMID24967373
Halenius A
; Hengel H
Biomed Res Int
2014[]; 2014
(ä): 472978
PMID24967373
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Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) represents a prototypic pathogenic member of the
?-subgroup of the herpesvirus family. A range of HCMV features like its lytic
replication in multiple tissues, the lifelong persistence through periods of
latency and intermitting reactivation, the extraordinary large proteome, and
extensive manipulation of adaptive and innate immunity make HCMV a high profile
candidate for involvement in autoimmune disorders. We surveyed the available
literature for reports on HCMV association with onset or exacerbation of
autoimmune disease. A causative linkage between HCMV and systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), diabetes mellitus type 1, and
rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is suggested by the literature. However, a clear
association of HCMV seroprevalence and disease could not be established, leaving
the question open whether HCMV could play a coresponsible role for onset of
disease. For convincing conclusions population-based prospective studies must be
performed in the future. Specific immunopathogenic mechanisms by which HCMV could
contribute to the course of autoimmune disease have been suggested, for example,
molecular mimicry by UL94 in SSc and UL83/pp65 in SLE patients, as well as
aggravation of joint inflammation by induction and expansion of CD4+/CD28-
T-cells in RA patients. Further studies are needed to validate these findings and
to lay the grounds for targeted therapeutic intervention.
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