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2014 ; 27
(4
): 1048-74
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Human astroviruses
#MMPMID25278582
Bosch A
; Pintó RM
; Guix S
Clin Microbiol Rev
2014[Oct]; 27
(4
): 1048-74
PMID25278582
show ga
Human astroviruses (HAtVs) are positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses that
were discovered in 1975. Astroviruses infecting other species, particularly
mammalian and avian, were identified and classified into the genera Mamastrovirus
and Avastrovirus. Through next-generation sequencing, many new astroviruses
infecting different species, including humans, have been described, and the
Astroviridae family shows a high diversity and zoonotic potential. Three
divergent groups of HAstVs are recognized: the classic (MAstV 1), HAstV-MLB
(MAstV 6), and HAstV-VA/HMO (MAstV 8 and MAstV 9) groups. Classic HAstVs contain
8 serotypes and account for 2 to 9% of all acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis in
children worldwide. Infections are usually self-limiting but can also spread
systemically and cause severe infections in immunocompromised patients. The other
groups have also been identified in children with gastroenteritis, but
extraintestinal pathologies have been suggested for them as well. Classic HAstVs
may be grown in cells, allowing the study of their cell cycle, which is similar
to that of caliciviruses. The continuous emergence of new astroviruses with a
potential zoonotic transmission highlights the need to gain insights on their
biology in order to prevent future health threats. This review focuses on the
basic virology, pathogenesis, host response, epidemiology, diagnostic assays, and
prevention strategies for HAstVs.