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2017 ; 5
(1
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Human T Cell Memory: A Dynamic View
#MMPMID28165397
Macallan DC
; Borghans JA
; Asquith B
Vaccines (Basel)
2017[Feb]; 5
(1
): ä PMID28165397
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Long-term T cell-mediated protection depends upon the formation of a pool of
memory cells to protect against future pathogen challenge. In this review we
argue that looking at T cell memory from a dynamic viewpoint can help in
understanding how memory populations are maintained following pathogen exposure
or vaccination. For example, a dynamic view resolves the apparent paradox between
the relatively short lifespans of individual memory cells and very long-lived
immunological memory by focussing on the persistence of clonal populations,
rather than individual cells. Clonal survival is achieved by balancing
proliferation, death and differentiation rates within and between identifiable
phenotypic pools; such pools correspond broadly to sequential stages in the
linear differentiation pathway. Each pool has its own characteristic kinetics,
but only when considered as a population; single cells exhibit considerable
heterogeneity. In humans, we tend to concentrate on circulating cells, but memory
T cells in non-lymphoid tissues and bone marrow are increasingly recognised as
critical for immune defence; their kinetics, however, remain largely unexplored.
Considering vaccination from this viewpoint shifts the focus from the size of the
primary response to the survival of the clone and enables identification of
critical system pinch-points and opportunities to improve vaccine efficacy.
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