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2015 ; 6
(ä): 547
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How tree roots respond to drought
#MMPMID26284083
Brunner I
; Herzog C
; Dawes MA
; Arend M
; Sperisen C
Front Plant Sci
2015[]; 6
(ä): 547
PMID26284083
show ga
The ongoing climate change is characterized by increased temperatures and altered
precipitation patterns. In addition, there has been an increase in both the
frequency and intensity of extreme climatic events such as drought. Episodes of
drought induce a series of interconnected effects, all of which have the
potential to alter the carbon balance of forest ecosystems profoundly at
different scales of plant organization and ecosystem functioning. During recent
years, considerable progress has been made in the understanding of how
aboveground parts of trees respond to drought and how these responses affect
carbon assimilation. In contrast, processes of belowground parts are relatively
underrepresented in research on climate change. In this review, we describe
current knowledge about responses of tree roots to drought. Tree roots are
capable of responding to drought through a variety of strategies that enable them
to avoid and tolerate stress. Responses include root biomass adjustments,
anatomical alterations, and physiological acclimations. The molecular mechanisms
underlying these responses are characterized to some extent, and involve stress
signaling and the induction of numerous genes, leading to the activation of
tolerance pathways. In addition, mycorrhizas seem to play important protective
roles. The current knowledge compiled in this review supports the view that tree
roots are well equipped to withstand drought situations and maintain
morphological and physiological functions as long as possible. Further, the
reviewed literature demonstrates the important role of tree roots in the
functioning of forest ecosystems and highlights the need for more research in
this emerging field.