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2016 ; 2016
(ä): 4604713
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How Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Become Visible
#MMPMID27294157
de Buhr N
; von Köckritz-Blickwede M
J Immunol Res
2016[]; 2016
(ä): 4604713
PMID27294157
show ga
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been identified as a fundamental
innate immune defense mechanism against different pathogens. NETs are
characterized as released nuclear DNA associated with histones and granule
proteins, which form an extracellular web-like structure that is able to entrap
and occasionally kill certain microbes. Furthermore, NETs have been shown to
contribute to several noninfectious disease conditions when released by activated
neutrophils during inflammation. The identification of NETs has mainly been
succeeded by various microscopy techniques, for example, immunofluorescence
microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron
microscopy (SEM). Since the last years the development and improvement of new
immunofluorescence-based techniques enabled optimized visualization and
quantification of NETs. On the one hand in vitro live-cell imaging led to
profound new ideas about the mechanisms involved in the formation and
functionality of NETs. On the other hand different intravital, in vivo, and in
situ microscopy techniques led to deeper insights into the role of NET formation
during health and disease. This paper presents an overview of the main used
microscopy techniques to visualize NETs and describes their advantages as well as
disadvantages.
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